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How to Distinguish Transformative Fair Uses From Infringing Derivative Works?

Kluwer Copyright Blog

Vanity Fair magazine had commissioned Warhol’s artwork in 1984 to accompany an article about the singer’s rise to fame based on Goldsmith’s photograph under a one-time-use “artist reference” license between Vanity Fair and Goldsmith’s agent.

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Rights in Titles: Delhi High Court Affirms Rights in the Title of Iconic Bollywood Film

IPilogue

Additionally, the defendants were also found to be publishing a magazine with the same name and offering for sale various merchandise using content from the movie, including its title, in the same logo script. Regarding confusion, the court held that the internet has created an additional market for “Sholay”. in recent years.

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Let’s Go Hazy: Making Sense of Fair Use After Warhol

Copyright Lately

Goldsmith (“ Warhol “) is that relatively rare fair use case in which both the original and follow-on works were more or less directly competing in the same market. More typically, two works aren’t market substitutes, which means that determining whether a secondary use is justified is more difficult.

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Canadian Perspectives on Artist Resale Rights

IPilogue

Interestingly, a study done in the UK by WIPO entitled “ The Economic Implications of the Artist’s Resale Right ” demonstrated that the resale right had no negative impact of the price of artworks or the competitiveness of markets. WIPO Magazine, “ The artist’s resale right: a fair deal for visual artists ” by Catherine Jewell.

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Use of Warhol’s Prince Image Found Not to Be Sufficiently Transformative for Fair Use 

LexBlog IP

The Supreme Court narrowed its attention to the only issue before it, the use of the image in a magazine instead of Goldsmith’s photo, as opposed to as a series of paintings/lithographs. Some artists were concerned that to allow such appropriation without limits would undercut the secondary market for original works of art.

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No Free Use in the Purple Rain – U.S. Supreme Court Finds License of Andy Warhol’s “Orange Prince” Infringes Photographer’s Copyright

LexBlog IP

Vanity Fair commissioned Andy Warhol to create a silkscreen using Goldsmith’s image and used Warhol’s piece in the magazine with attribution as promised. Throughout her career, Goldsmith regularly photographed celebrities and licensed those photographs to magazines for articles about that celebrity.

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Supreme Court Holds Warhol’s “Orange Prince” Not Transformative, Not Fair Use

IP Tech Blog

When Prince passed away in 2016, the Andy Warhol Foundation (“AWF”) licensed “Orange Prince” for use on the cover of a commemorative magazine cover. Thus, it remains to be seen whether creating a piece of derivative artwork would be considered fair use while licensing in competition with underlying work’s author would be infringing.